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Wild Boar

Scientific Name

Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (ITIS)

Common Name

Wild boar, wild hog, feral pig, feral hog, Old World swine, razorback, Eurasian wild boar, Russian wild boar

Native To
Date of U.S. Introduction
Means of Introduction

Imported as a food source and escaped from domestication or were intentionally released (Rouhe and Sytsma 2007)

Impact

Damages native plants and crops and competes with native species (Rouhe and Sytsma 2007)

Current U.S. Distribution

Feral swine have been reported in at least 35 states. Their population is estimated at over 6 million and is rapidly expanding. Range expansion over the last few decades is due to a variety of factors including their adaptability to a variety of climates and conditions, translocation by humans, and a lack of natural predators.

Wild boar - invasive.org
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Wild Boar, Management

Credit

Billy Higginbotham Texas AgriLife Extension Service

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Spotlights

  • Even the Most Promising New Management Tools Struggle to Keep up with Invasive Wild Pigs

    • Feb 2, 2024
    • USDA. FS. Southern Research Station. CompassLive.

    • Whether called wild pigs, feral hogs, or wild boars, these opportunistic and invasive omnivores live in groups called sounders. Removing whole sounders is the most effective management method, but requires follow-up trapping and hunting due to their incredible reproductive potential.

  • African Swine Fever - Report Feral Swine [PDF, 365 KB]

    • May 2020
    • USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

    • Feral swine can carry foreign animal diseases like African Swine Fever. While ASF has never been found in domestic or feral swine in the United States, there is no treatment or vaccine for it. That’s why surveillance is very important. Help protect U.S. pigs by immediately reporting sick or dead feral swine.

      WHAT TO DO: If you find a sick or dead feral swine with no obvious injury or cause of death, report it right away. Call the USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services program in your State at 1-866-4-USDA-WS. Don’t wait! Quick detection is essential to preventing the spread of ASF.

  • Northwest Climate Hub - Feral Swine in the Northwest

    • United States Department of Agriculture. USDA Climate Hubs.

    • Feral swine have recently invaded parts of the Northwest. They have been invading southwestern and central Oregon since 2004 and were first detected in Washington in 2016. Idaho has not seen significant numbers of feral swine, however migrating pigs may pose a threat. The population growth potential of feral swine is closely associated with food availability, which is becoming more abundant year-round due to warmer winter conditions that are linked to climate change. Projected increases in extreme events and average summer temperatures in the region are not expected to negatively impact the success of feral pigs. In response, timely population control measures are necessary to avoid damage to crops, forests, and rangelands.

  • Squeal on Pigs!

    • University of Georgia. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health; USDAAPHIS. National Feral Swine Damage Management Program.

    • Feral swine (wild pigs, boars or feral hogs) are a destructive, invasive species that are prevalent in the U.S. and Canada. Federal, State, Provincial, local and territorial agencies are working together to manage the threat and damage caused by feral swine and to mitigate their impact. 

Distribution / Maps / Survey Status

Videos

  • YouTube - Feral Hogs in North America: An Overview

    • Google. YouTube; Noble Research Institute.

  • YouTube - Feral Swine in America

    • Google. YouTube; USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

    • APHIS is offering this video series, which chronicles the impact feral swine have on Americans' livelihoods through damage to agricultural and natural resources, to increase public awareness.

  • YouTube - Feral Swine: Manage The Damage

    • Google. YouTube; United States Department of Agriculture.

    • The video tells the story of how feral swine have become one of the most expensive invasive species in the U.S. The feral swine issue is being handled with Federal, State, and Local Wildlife officials to help farmers, ranchers, and the general public from these destructive animals. The video educates the viewer about the problems they can cause and how your Wildlife officials are mitigating, and trying to eliminate the damage through innovative scientific research.

  • YouTube - MSSTATEwfaTV Videos

    • Google. YouTube; Mississippi State University. Department of Wildlife, Fisheries & Aquaculture - Extension.

    • Contains multiple videos for feral swine.

Selected Resources

The section below contains highly relevant resources for this species, organized by source.

Council or Task Force
Partnership
Federal Government
  • APHIS Campaign: Feral Swine - Managing an Invasive Species

    • USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

    • In response to the increasing damage and disease threats posed by expanding feral swine populations in the U.S. , Congress appropriated funds to APHIS in 2014 to create a collaborative National Feral Swine Damage Management Program. Congress continues to allocate funds annually to support the program. The program’s overarching goal is to protect agricultural and natural resources, property, animal health, and human health and safety by managing feral swine damage. APHIS collaborates with many stakeholders—including States, Tribes, other Federal agencies, universities, and the public—to accomplish this goal.
      See related resource: Squeal on Pigs!

  • Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory - Sus scrofa

    • Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce.

International Government
State and Local Government
Academic
Professional
Citations