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National Invasive Species Information Center
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Home / Terrestrial Invasives / Terrestrial Pathogens and Diseases / West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus

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West nile virus - DOI, USGS
USGS Wildlife Veterinarian testing for the West Nile Virus USGS, National Wildlife Health Center DOI. USGS. Newsroom.
Scientific Name: 
West Nile virus (ICTV 2018)
Common Name: 
West Nile Virus (WNV)
Native To: 
First discovered in Africa (Campbell et al. 2002)
Date of U.S. Introduction: 
1999 (Calisher 2000)
Means of Introduction: 
Accidental (Calisher 2000)
Impact: 
Infects birds and mammals (including humans). West Nile virus is primarily an avian pathogen, and is transmitted among birds by ornithophilic (bird-biting) mosquitoes; including the Asian tiger mosquito and other mosquito species (Hayes et al. 2005)
Current U.S. Distribution: 
Most of U.S.

Distribution / Maps / Survey Status

ArboNET Disease Maps

DHHS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Maps updated to present. Select data by disease (WN), vector (mosquito), state, and year (includes historical data from 2003).

West Nile Virus - Statistics & Maps
DHHS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Includes final annual and cumulative maps & data from 1999.

Images

Google Images - West Nile Virus
Google.

Videos

YouTube - Killer Outbreaks: West Nile Virus
Google. YouTube; Animal Planet.
YouTube - Mosquito Meets MODIS: South Dakota Fights West Nile Virus

Google. YouTube; National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Selected Resources

The section below contains highly relevant resources for this species, organized by source. Or, to display all related content view all resources for West Nile Virus.

Partnership
Fact Sheets - West Nile Virus (Jul 2011)
UN. World Health Organization.
Global Invasive Species Database - West Nile Virus (micro-organism)
IUCN. Species Survival Commission. Invasive Species Specialist Group.
Invasive Species Compendium - West Nile Virus
CAB International.
National Pest Alert: West Nile Virus in North America

North Central Integrated Pest Management Center.

See also: Pest Alerts for more resources

Federal Government
Diseases & Conditions - West Nile Virus
DHHS. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
State & Territorial Health Department Websites

DHHS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Provides links and resources for State Health Departments, many of which have information about Zika virus and West Nile virus with specific state information.

Vector Borne Diseases - West Nile Virus
DOI. USGS. National Wildlife Health Center.
West Nile Virus
DHHS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
State and Local Government
California West Nile Virus Website

California Department of Health Services; California Department of Food and Agriculture; Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California; California Vectorborne Disease Surveillance System.

Disease Facts and Data - West Nile Virus
King County Public Health (Washington).
Diseases Listing - West Nile Virus

Hawaii State Department of Health. Disease Outbreak Control Division.

Health Topics - West Nile Virus
New York City Department of Health.
Michigan Emerging Disease Issues - West Nile Virus
State of Michigan.
Michigan Wildlife Disease Manual - West Nile Virus (WNV)

Michigan Department of Natural Resources.

See the complete Wildlife Disease Manual for a list of diseases that are of significance to Michigan wildlife.

Wildlife-Related Diseases - West Nile Virus
Pennsylvania Game Commission.
Academic
Animal Disease Information - West Nile Virus

Iowa State University. Center for Food Security and Public Health.

Disease Fact Sheet - West Nile Virus

Cornell University. Cornell Wildlife Health Lab.

EDIS - What is West Nile Virus?
University of Florida. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension.
Electronic Data Information Source Publication #ENY-642
Introduced Species Summary Project - West Nile Virus
Columbia University. Center for Environmental Research and Conservation.
Professional
Diseases & Conditions: West Nile Virus
Cleveland Clinic.

Citations