Virulent Newcastle Disease | National Invasive Species Information Center

Virulent newcastle disease symptoms, open mouth breathing with moderate swelling of the comb and wattles - Photo by USDA, Animal and Health Inspection Service

Scientific Name:

Avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1) (Amarasinghe et al. 2017)

Common Name:

Virulent Newcastle disease (vND), Exotic Newcastle disease (END), Velogenic Newcastle disease, Asiatic Newcastle disease

Native To:

First reported in Indonesia and the United Kingdom in 1926 (Brown and Bevins 2017)

Date of U.S. Introduction:

First outbreak in the U.S. occurred in 1971. The disease was eradicated, but additional outbreaks have occurred in 2002-2003 and 2018. (California Department of Food and Agriculture)

Means of Introduction:

Possibly through illegally imported birds; may also be introduced to domestic flocks from wild birds (Brown and Bevins 2017)

Impact:

Extremely contagious and highly lethal disease of poultry; exposure can lead to mild symptoms in humans (Brown and Bevins 2017)

Spotlights

USDA Announces Transition to Preventive Plan for Virulent Newcastle Disease in California (Jun 1, 2020)

USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is announcing that effective today, we are transitioning our virulent Newcastle disease (vND) efforts in southern California from a response focus to implementing a prevention plan aimed at keeping vND from recurring in the region. Even with extensive testing taking place, APHIS has not confirmed any new vND cases since February 1, 2020. As a result, the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) is removing its vND quarantine.

USDA Launches New Biosecurity Campaign Asking All Poultry Owners, Workers and Hobbyists to Protect the Health of Live Poultry (Nov 16, 2018)

USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is launching a new outreach campaign focused on preventing the spread of infectious poultry diseases in both commercial and backyard poultry. Considering the devastating impact of the highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in 2014-2015, as well as this year’s outbreak of virulent Newcastle disease, the timing is right for everyone in the poultry community to work together to protect the health of our nation’s flocks. The “Defend the Flock” campaign to promote biosecurity combines and updates two previous campaigns that were each targeted at a specific segment of the poultry population.

Federally Regulated

Foot-and-mouth Disease, Newcastle Disease, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, African Swine Fever, Classical Swine Fever, Swine Vesicular Disease, And Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Prohibited And Restricted Importations

U.S. Government Printing Office. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.

Title 9: Animals and Animal Products, Part 94

Images

Animal Disease Information - Disease Images: Newcastle Disease

Iowa State University. Center for Food Security and Public Health.

Google Images - Virulent Newcastle Disease

Google.

Videos

YouTube - Virulent Newcastle Disease - Information for Bird Owners

Google. YouTube; California Department of Food and Agriculture.

Selected Resources

The section below contains highly relevant resources for this species, organized by source. Or, to display all related content view all resources for Virulent Newcastle Disease.

Partnership

Global Invasive Species Database - Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) (micro-organism)

IUCN. Species Survival Commission. Invasive Species Specialist Group.

Invasive Species Compendium - Newcastle Disease Virus

CAB International.

Newcastle Disease - Technical Disease Card (PDF | 219 KB)

World Organization for Animal Health.

See also: Technical Disease Cards for more diseases

Federal Government

Avian Health - Virulent Newcastle Disease

USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

International Government

Livestock Biosecurity - Newcastle Disease

Western Australia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development. Agriculture and Food Division.

Newcastle Disease Virus in Alberta (PDF | 252 KB)

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (Canada). Fish and Wildlife.

See also: Wildlife Diseases in Alberta for more fact sheets

Pests, Diseases and Disorders of Animals: Newcastle Disease

Business Queensland (Australia).

State and Local Government

Virulent Newcastle Disease (VND) (May 2018) (PDF | 680 KB)

Nebraska Department of Agriculture.

Exotic Newcastle Disease Pamphlet (Jan 2010) (PDF | 145 KB)

South Dakota Animal Industry Board.

See also: Avian Health for more information

Animal Health - Exotic Newcastle Disease

Georgia Department of Agriculture.

Exotic Newcastle Disease Brochure (PDF | 45 KB)

Texas Animal Health Commission.

See also: Poultry Health for more diseases

Virulent Newcastle Disease

California Department of Food and Agriculture. Animal Health Branch.

After 2 years, California has been declared free of virulent Newcastle Disease. Effective June 1, 2020 the CDFA and the USDA have announced an end to the vND quarantine in southern California. You can read the CDFA press release here.

Pennsylvania Game Commission.

Academic

Disease Fact Sheet - Newcastle Disease (Dec 2020)

University of Pennsylvania. School of Veterinary Medicine. Wildlife Futures Program.

Newcastle Disease (Avian Paramyxovirus-1) (May 2020)

Pennsylvania State University. Cooperative Extension.

Newcastle Disease in Backyard Chickens (2018) (PDF | 107 KB)

Mississippi State University. Extension.

See also: Publications Filed Under Poultry for more fact sheets

Animal Disease Information - Newcastle Disease

Iowa State University. Center for Food Security and Public Health.

Virulent Newcastle Disease Outbreak Information and Resources