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Tree-of-Heaven
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Scientific Name:
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (ITIS)Common Name:
Tree-of-heaven, China-sumac, varnishtreePhoto:
Tree-of-Heaven, foliage - Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Resource Management Native To:
China (Fryer 2010)
Date of U.S. Introduction:
Late 1700s (Fryer 2010)
Means of Introduction:
Ornamental (Fryer 2010)
Impact:
Crowds out native species; damages pavement and building foundations in urban areas (Fryer 2010)
Distribution/Maps/Survey Status
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University of Georgia. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health.
Images
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Google.
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University of Georgia. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health.
Videos
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Google. YouTube; University Maryland. Home and Garden Information Center.
Selected Resources
The section below contains selected highly relevant resources for this species, organized by source. To view all related content for this species, click on "View all resources for species" in the top left of this page.
Council or Task Force
California Invasive Plant Council.
In online book: Bossard, C.C., J.M. Randall, and M.C. Hoshovsky (Editors). 2000. Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA
Ohio Invasive Plants Council.
See also: Invasive Plants of Ohio for worst invasive plant species identified in Ohio's natural areas
Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council.
Partnership
IUCN. Species Survival Commission. Invasive Species Specialist Group.
University of Georgia. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health.
University of Georgia. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health.
USDA. FS. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry.
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Galveston Bay Estuary Program; Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC).
Federal Government
USDA. FS. Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fire Sciences Laboratory.
Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. Marine Invasions Research Lab.
USDA. ARS. National Genetic Resources Program. GRIN-Global.
International Government
Australian Government. Department of the Environment and Energy.
State and Local Government
Control and Utilization of Tree-of-Heaven: A Guide for Virginia Landowners (May 2009) (PDF | 2.3 MB)
Virginia Department of Forestry.
See also: Publications and Reports - Invasive Species for more resources
New Hampshire Department of Agriculture, Markets, and Food. Division of Plant Industry.
See also: New Hampshire's Prohibited Invasive Plant Fact Sheets for additional invasive trees, shrubs, vines, and herbaceous plants
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
See also: Invasive Plant Fact Sheets for plant species (trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and aquatic plants) that have impacted the state's natural lands
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Forest Service.
See also: Forest Health Publications for more Invasive Species Leaflets
Academic
Columbia University. Center for Environmental Research and Conservation.
University of Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Flora Project of Morris Arboretum.
See also: Invasive Plant Fact Sheets for additional invasive plants in Pennsylvania
North Carolina State University. Cooperative Extension. Going Native: Urban Landscaping for Wildlife with Native Plants.
Ohio State University. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center.
University of California. Weed Research and Information Center.
See also: Weeds in Natural Areas for more information sheets
Citations
- Fryer, J.L. 2010. Ailanthus altissima. In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Ailanthus altissima. [Accessed Sep 10, 2014].