West Nile Virus

Scientific name: Flavivirus

Common name: West Nile Virus

Native To: First discovered in Africa (National Atlas 2011)

Date of U.S. Introduction: 1999 (National Atlas 2011)

Images: Google

Videos: West Nile Virus Protection Part 1 (or click Play button below) and all CDC West Nile Video Series

Means of Introduction: Accidental (Calisher 2000)

Impact: Infects birds and mammals (including humans). West Nile virus is primarily an avian pathogen, and is transmitted among birds by ornithophilic (bird-biting) mosquitoes; including the Asian tiger mosquito and other mosquito species. (Hayes et al. 2005)

Current U.S. Distribution: Most of U.S. (Map)
Note: Bird, Human, Mosquito, Sentinel and Veterinary options available.

Management Plans: Microbes / West Nile Virus

Selected Internet Resources:

• Federal Government
• State Government
• University/Academic
• International
• Organizations
• State Information

West Nile Virus
DHHS. CDC. Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases.
Taxonomy; Introduction History; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls; Research; Special Note: Publications and West Nile Virus related sites (including State and Local Government West Nile Virus Web Sites)

West Nile Virus
DHHS. NIH. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Identification/Description; Impacts; Distribution; Controls

West Nile Virus
DHHS. Food and Drug Administration.
Identification/Description; Impacts; Controls

West Nile Virus Article Citation Search - AGRICOLA Database
USDA. National Agricultural Library.
Research; Special Note: NAL Catalog Search (resources)

West Nile Virus
USDA. NAL. Animal Welfare Information Center.
Special Note: Resources

West Nile Virus
USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
Distribution; Controls

West Nile Virus
Oregon State University. National Pesticide Information Center.
Published by: Oregon State University; Environmental Protection Agency.
Introduction History; Impacts; Distribution; Controls; Special Note: Resources

West Nile Virus Maps
DOI. USGS. Center for Integration of Natural Disaster Information.
Introduction History; Impacts; Distribution

West Nile Virus
DOI. National Atlas of the United States.
Impacts

West Nile Virus
DOI. National Biological Information Infrastructure.
Identification/Description; Introduction History; Impacts; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls; Research

West Nile Virus
DOI. USGS. National Wildlife Health Center.
Introduction History; Distribution; Special Note: Wildlife Affected, West Nile Virus Maps

Managing for West Nile Virus Infection in the USA - WILDPro
Wildlife Information Network.
Published by: DOI. United States Geological Survey.
Identification/Description; Impacts; Distribution; Controls

California West Nile Virus Home
California Department of Health Services; California Department of Food and Agriculture; Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California; California Vectorborne Disease Surveillance System.
Identification/Description; Distribution; Controls

West Nile Virus
Hawaii State Department of Health.
Identification/Description; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls

West Nile Virus: The Public Health Response
State of Washington. King County Public Health.
Identification/Description; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls

West Nile Virus - Introduced Species Summary Project
Columbia University. Center for Environmental Research and Conservation.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Controls

West Nile Virus
Iowa State University. Center for Food Security and Public Health.
Introduction History; Impacts; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls; Special Note: Bibliography

West Nile virus (micro-organism) - ISSG Global Invasive Species Database
World Conservation Union. Invasive Species Specialist Group.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls

Special Report: West Nile Virus
Washington Post.
Identification/Description; Impacts; Distribution; Controls; Special Note: Requires registration

West Nile Virus
Yahoo! News.
Species Note: Current news

West Nile Virus
Healthopedia.com.
Impacts

State and Local Government West Nile Virus Web Sites
DHHS. CDC. Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases.

West Nile Virus: State & Regional Information
DOI. National Biological Information Infrastructure.

Citations

Calisher, C.H. 2000. West Nile virus in the New World: appearance, persistence, and adaptation to a new econiche—an opportunity taken. Viral Immunology. Vol. 13 No.4 pp. 411–4.

Hayes E.B, N. Komar, R.S. Nasc, S.P. Montgomery, D.R. O'Leary, G.L. Campbell. 2005. Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of West Nile virus disease (PDF | 6.7 MB). Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 11, No. 8, pp. 1167–73.

National Atlas of the United States. 2011. West Nile Virus. U.S. Department of the Interior.