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Native To: First appeared in
Indonesia in 1926; United Kingdom 1927 (OIE 2009)
Date of U.S. Introduction:
1970s (First outbreak of exotic strain in the U.S.;
was eradicated in 1974). The
most recent U.S. outbreak in 2002-2003 affected
poultry in several states: Arizona, California,
Nevada and Texas. The industry suffered a devastating
blow when more than 3.4 million birds had to be
destroyed. California alone spent more than $160
million to control the outbreak.
(California Department of Food and Agriculture 2011)
Images: Google
Means of Introduction: Could
arrive in the U.S. in imported poultry
(Iowa State University 2008)
Impact: Lethal to birds,
including poultry; exposure can lead to conjunctivitis
in humans (OIE 2009)
Current U.S. Distribution: Not currently established in the U.S.
Management Plans: Microbes
Selected Internet Resources:
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