European Starling

Scientific name: Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus

Common names: European starling, common starling, English starling

Native To: Europe

Date of U.S. Introduction: 1890

Images: Invasive.org and Google

Means of Introduction: Introduced as part of a plan to introduce to the U.S. all birds mentioned in the works of Shakespeare

Impact: Competes with native species; destroys crops

Current U.S. Distribution: Entire U.S.

Management Plans: Animals

Selected Internet Resources:

• Federal Government
• State Government
• University/Academic
• International
• Organizations

Sturnus vulgaris
Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
Taxonomy

Sturnus vulgaris Article Citation Search - AGRICOLA Database
USDA. National Agricultural Library.
Research; Special Note: NAL Catalog Search (resources)

European Starling - AgNIC Wildlife Damage Management
USDA. APHIS. Wildlife Services. National Wildlife Research Center and Colorado State Universities Libraries.
Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Controls

European Starling - Forest and Rangeland Birds of the United States
DOI. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center.
Impacts; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion

European Starling
DOI. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Life Cycle; Distribution; Dispersion; Special Note: Song/Call of the European Starling

Sturnus vulgaris - National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System, Chesapeake Bay Introduced Species Database
Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion

Sturnus vulgaris - Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory
Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution

European Starling - California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System (select European Starling under Birds list)
California Department of Fish and Game. California Interagency Wildlife Task Group.
Taxonomy; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution

European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.
Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Habitat; Dispersion; Legal Aspects

Origins of the European Starling in the United States
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Tennessee Conservationist Magazine.
Photographs; Introduction History

Living with Wildlife: Starlings (2004; PDF | 588 KB)
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.
Identification/Description; Illustrations; Introduction History; Life Cycle; Habitat; Controls

Florida's Introduced Birds: European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
University of Florida. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution

Sturnus vulgaris
University of Michigan. Museum of Zoology. Animal Diversity Web.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photograph; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Legal Aspects

Starling Management in Agriculture (PDF | 692 KB)
University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Cooperative Extension.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Illustrations; Introduction History; Life Cycle; Impacts; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls; Legal Aspects; Special Note: Economics of Damage and Control

European Starling - Introduced Species Summary Project
Columbia University. Center for Environmental Research and Conservation.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Controls

European Starling
Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. All About Birds.
Identification/Description; Photograph; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Legal Aspects; Special Note: Nesting Behavior

Sturnus vulgaris - Invasive Species Compendium
Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International (CABI).
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls

Common starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
Feral.org.au.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Distribution; Controls

European Starling - Forest Health Care (PDF | 81 KB)
Toronto Parks and Recreation (Canada). Urban Forestry Services.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Controls

Sturnus vulgaris (bird) - ISSG Global Invasive Species Database
World Conservation Union. Invasive Species Specialist Group.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls

Sturnus vulgaris
Discover Life.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Illustrations; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution

European Starling Sturnus vulgaris
eNature.com.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Habitat; Distribution

European Starlings and Their Control
Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management.
Identification/Description; Illustrations; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls; Legal Aspects

European Starling
Ohio History Central.
Identification/Description; Photograph; Introduction History; Impacts; Distribution

Sturnus vulgaris
TexasInvasives.org.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls; Legal Aspects